US Wins WTO Case Against India Involving Billions in Subsidies

The U.S. won a case against India at the World Trade Organization alleging improper use of export subsidies valued at more than $7 billion.

The WTO’s dispute-resolution panel agreed that “India gives prohibited subsidies to producers of steel products, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, information technology products, textiles, and apparel, to the detriment of American workers and manufacturers,” the U.S. Trade Representative in Washington said in a statement Thursday.

WTO rules prohibit export subsidies but make exceptions for developing countries until they reach certain economic benchmarks. India’s exemption expired, according to USTR, and the Geneva-based trade body rejected the country’s position that it was entitled to more time even after hitting the threshold.

The case was filed in March 2018 by the U.S., challenging what it said were illegal export subsidies provided to Indian firms. The decision, which can be appealed, comes amid a broader deterioration in trade relations between the U.S. and India.

The Trump administration earlier this year canceled India’s preferential access to the U.S. market under a scheme for developing countries and since then the two sides have been engaged in stop-start negotiations to resolve their differences.

Hopes were raised in September that a deal is close after President Donald Trump attended a rally for Indian-American voters in Texas with Narendra Modi, the Indian prime minister. But the deal has yet to materialize.

India, meanwhile, is engaged in negotiations with China and Southeast Asian nations over a new Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. The country, which is facing a political backlash at home, is driving a tough bargain. RCEP would create a vast free-trade bloc spanning the Indo-Pacific from New Zealand in the east to India in the west and China and Japan to the north. Free stock tips

*Stocks To Watch*


Telecom stocks—Bharti Airtel and Vodafone Idea—will be in focus as the long-pending judgment related to the AGR case is expected to pronounce verdict today at around 1 p.m. If the judgement is against the telecom operators then Airtel would have to pay dues worth Rs 21,682 crore, while Vodafone Idea would have to pay around Rs 28,309 crore.

HCL Tech announced a 1:1 bonus share issue. The board of Directors increased the authorized share capital to Rs 600 crore from Rs 300 crore.

IDBI Bank allotted shares worth Rs 4,743 crore to LIC and Rs 4,557 crore to the Government of India through Preferential Issue on Oct. 23.

MTNL to be merged with BSNL. MTNL to act as a subsidiary of BSNL until the merger is completed. PVR has set QIP Floor Price at Rs 1,809.53 each, which is at a premium of 2 percent to the closing prices of Oct. 23.

Jindal Stainless signed MoU with Braithwaite & Co to develop stainless bridges on the sidelines of ongoing International Railway Equipment Exhibition in New Delhi.

Yes Bank clarified on the news of borrower failing to pay Rs 480 crore dues stating that taking possession of mortgaged property has been done in the usual and ordinary course of business.

Sadbhav Engineering’s arm Sadbhav Infra Project has received approval from various authorities for the transfer of its 100 percent stake in 7 special purpose vehicles to Indinfravit Trust. The authority approval for balance 2 projects is under process and at an advanced stage.

Dewan Housing Finance has taken cognizance of key observations made by KPMG in its draft report of special audit of the troubled shadow lender’s books of accounts.

Biocon: Dr. Arun Suresh Chandavarkar’s tenure as CEO and Joint MD to end on Nov. 20. The current CFO Siddharth Mittal will be the new CEO and Joint MD with effect from Jan. 1.
Reliance Capital has defaulted on NCDs interest/principal which were due on Oct. 22.

Reliance Capital has defaulted on NCDs interest/principal which were due on Oct. 22.

Results on October 23: L&T, Bajaj Auto, Hero MotoCorp, HDFC Life..

Results on October 23: L&T, Bajaj Auto, Hero MotoCorp, HDFC Life, Biocon, Aarti Drugs, Havells, Hexaware, JSW Steel, Praj Industries, Texmaco Rail, Shoppers Stop, Zee Media, Texmaco Infra, HCL Technologies, JM Financial, KPIT Technologies, NIIT Technologies

Axis Bank Q2: Net loss at Rs 112.1 crore versus profit at Rs 789.6 crore, NII up 16.6 percent to Rs 6,102 crore versus Rs 5,232.1 crore YoY

RBL Bank Q2: Profit falls 73 percent to Rs 54 crore versus Rs 204.6 crore, NII rises 47 percent to Rs 869 crore versus Rs 593 crore YoY

OBC Q2: Net profit up 23.8% at Rs 125.9 crore versus Rs 101.7 crore, NII up 14.7% at Rs 1,455.5 crore versus Rs 1,269.2 crore, YoY

Swaraj Engines Q2: Net profit at Rs 25.4 crore versus Rs 25.4 crore, revenue down 9.8% at Rs 222.7 crore versus Rs 247 crore, YoY

Coromandel International Q2: Consolidated net profit up 37.8% at Rs 504 crore against Rs 365.6 crore, revenue down 3% at Rs 4,858 crore versus Rs 5,008.3 crore, YoY

ICICI Securities Q2: Net profit up at Rs 135.1 crore against Rs 134.2 crore, revenue down 8.8% at Rs 417 crore versus Rs 457.3 crore, YoY

Ceat Q2: Net profit down 12.5% at Rs 65.9 crore versus Rs 75.3 crore, revenue down 5.2% at Rs 1,645.3 crore versus Rs 1,735.7 crore, YoY

Bajaj Consumer: IDBI Trust sold entire stake (23.68 percent equity) in the company from October 18-22

Infosys: Rosen Law firm announced the filing of securities claims against the company

JMC Projects bags new orders of Rs 1,059 crore

SpiceJet's independent director Harsha Vardhana Singh resigns. #nifty-50
stock tips

Q2 Results | Latest & Breaking News on Q2 Results |

Jubilant Foodworks – Q2 FY20 (Unaudited – Cons.)
Share price – 1435

Total revenue from operations at 988.05 Cr
889.78 Cr (11.13%) YoY | 949.11 Cr (4.12%) QoQ

Six month ended revenue: 1947.1 Cr Vs. 1753.01 Cr (11.02%)

Net Profit of 72.98 Cr
75.55 Cr (-3.43%) YoY 71.48 (2.07%) QoQ

Six month ended Net Profit: 144.46 Cr Vs. 147.68 Cr (-2.14%)

EPS (in Rs.) 5.56
5.73 YoY | 5.43 QoQ

Six months ended at EPS: 10.99 Vs. 11.19


View: The result is improved. YoY and QoQ revenue up but profit down mainly for high depreciation in the tune of INR 85 Cr Vs. 39.4 Cr in the corresponding previous quarter and exceptional Item of INR 12 Cr for provision created against investments made by Jubilant FoodWorks Employee Provident Fund Trust, in the corporate bonds of DHFL, Reliance Capital & IL&FS and fully provided for on account of prevailing uncertainties. EBITDA improved significantly despite the slow down in the various sectors.

Business Highlights & Updates:

Standalone Q2FY EBITDA is around INR 235.0 Cr Vs. 147.5 Cr in Q2FY19 Vs. 161.5 Cr in Q2FY19. EBITDA Margin is around 23.8% Vs. 16.7% Vs. 16.4%.

Sales growth for Domino’s Pizza stood at 6.5% for the quarter (i.e. sales growth of stores that were not spilled this FY and PY). Same-Store Growth (SSG) for Domino’s Pizza was 4.9%, lapping a high base of 20.5% last year.

1,283 restaurants as of 30th September 2019 across 276 cities. 1 city/state added (Agartala, Tripura), 1 city exited (Ramnagar, Karnataka) in Q2 FY20. Domino‟s Pizza – 40 Stores opened, 6 Stores closed. Total at 1,283. Store opening highest in the last 15 quarters. Bangladesh: Opened second store in Bangladesh

Dunkin’s Donuts 30 restaurants as of 30th September 2019 across 10 cities.

ROE and ROCE is around 24% and 43% respectively and book value per share is around INR 101 per share and share is currently trading at 14.1x of its book value. The company is currently trading at an annualized PE of around 65 which looks expensive. Promoter holding in the company is around 41.9% and stable in QoQ and YoY, FIIs and mutual fund hold around 34.5% and 13% respectively which is too strong.

Share price high 1518 and now 1422. Jubilant FoodWorks Limited (JFL/Company) is part of the Jubilant Bhartia group and is one of India’s largest foodservice company, with a network of 1,283 Domino’s Pizza restaurants across 276 cities (as of September 30, 2019). The Company has the exclusive rights to develop and operate Domino’s Pizza brand in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nepal. At present, it operates in India, and through its subsidiary companies’ in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. The Company also has exclusive rights for developing and operating Dunkin’ Donuts restaurants for India and has 30 Dunkin’ Donuts restaurants across 10 cities in India (as of September 30, 2019). JFL has entered into the Chinese cuisine segment with its first owned restaurant brand, ‘Hong’s Kitchen’ and has 1 Hong’s kitchen restaurant across 1 city in India (as of September 30, 2019).
Their brand Dominos Pizza is highly reputed and very famous among the youngster due to youngster population growth in the country and also expansion by the company in various Tier II & Tier III cities with more focus towards online sales of their Pizza and others the growth outlook remain stable. Long term investors can continue with the company with a target price of INR 1800.

Risk: Highly volatile business any negative sentiments against the fast-food chains and restrictions can correct and harm the share price.

Disclaimer: Views are shared based on market research and study and personal in nature. Others can take different views and opinions. Please do a thorough study before entering or exit the shares.
RD Stock (“High Returns with Low Risk is the Key”)

 stock tips

How to Become a Successful Trader?

How to Become a Successful Trader?

Trading in Stock, Commodity or Forex there is lots of opportunities to learn and earn, despite this opportunity most of the traders fail to learn how to become a successful trader. And don’t achieve good results in this market. In fact, 90% of a trader losing money in this market. That’s why I created this article for those people who want to be a professional profitable trader.

To become a disciplined trader you must have a trading system. Without a trading system can’t be a disciplined trader, if you are not a disciplined trader then you will be not a profitable trader.

What is a Trading System?

The trading system means specific rules of entry and exits consistently based on methodology (Technical or Fundamental) so that gives a statistical edge. Which is 90% trader doesn’t have a trading system.

In a trading system, there are three criteria, therefore, we must develop to become a profitable trader

1.Trading Strategy
2.Position Sizing
3.Psychology

For becoming a Lifetime Trader, You just need a Lifetime Strategy.

Business Highlights & Updates:

Advertising Revenue stands at Rs. 809 Cr as against Rs. 868 Cr in H1 of last fiscal. Advertising Revenue stands at Rs. 367 Cr as against Rs. 413.2 Cr in Q2 last fiscal.

EBIDTA stands at Rs. 280.2 Cr (margin of 24%), against EBIDTA of Rs. 272.5 Cr (margin of 22%), in H1 FY2019, after considering forex loss of Rs. 1.7 Cr. EBIDTA was at Rs. 100.6 Cr (margin of 19%), against EBIDTA of Rs. 97.7 Cr (margin of 17%) after considering forex loss of Rs. 1.71 Cr.

Radio Business: Advertising revenues at Rs. 69.3 Cr in H1FY2020, against Rs. 69.4 Cr in H1 FY2019. Advertising Revenue stands at Rs. 31.6 Cr against Rs. 37.7 Cr in Q2 FY2018.

EBIDTA stands at Rs. 20 Cr (margin of 29%) against Rs. 19.1 Cr (margin of 27%). EBIDTA stands at Rs.6.9f Cr (margin of 22%) against Rs. 12 Cr (margin of 32%).

ROE and ROCE is around 14.7% and 22% respectively and book value per share is around INR 105 and share is currently trading at 1.4x of its book value. Company is currently trading at annualized PE of around 9 and it looks good as per Industry benchmark. Promoter holding in the company is around 71.6% which is stable and good. FIIs and mutual funds hold 18.1% and 2.6% respectively. Company is virtually debt-free and three-month debtor realization period which also looks stable in this mark.

The Board of Directors at its meeting held on October 16, 2019, has declared an interim dividend of Rs. 6.50 per equity share of the face value of Rs. 10 each. The same would be paid to all eligible shareholders as on the record date declared by the Company. Last year interim dividend paid was INR 8 per share so, therefore, it's own according to the market situation.

Share price high 208 and now 152. DB Corp Limited (DBCL), India's largest print media company and home to flagship newspapers - Dainik Bhaskar, Divya Bhaskar, Divya Marathi, and Saurashtra Samachar. Its leading newspaper in various north India states. Due to the economic slow down resulting in weak demand and less advertisement spends by various companies their top line has been impacted. Their first-half looks like to challenging in current economic stress. As per the management comments they are working on cost-effective measurement to sustain the bottom line in upcoming quarters.
Long term investor continues with the company with a target price of INR 180. The company is paying a dividend to its shareholders as well.

Disclaimer: Views are shared based on market research and study and personal in nature. Others can take a different view and opinion. Please do a thorough study before entering or exit the shares.
RD Stock (“High Returns with Low Risk is the Key”)

Business Highlights & Updates: PVR – Q2 FY20

PVR – Q2 FY20 (Unaudited – Cons.)
Share price - 1840
Total Income at 973.18 Cr
708.55 Cr (37.42%) YoY | 880.39 Cr (10.59%) QoQ
Half-year revenue: 1,854 Cr Vs. 1,405 Cr (31.92%)
Net Profit of 47.67 Cr
35.47 Cr (34.28%) YoY 17.53 (177.67%) QoQ
Half-year ending Net Profit: 65.45 Cr Vs. 87.62 Cr (-25.64%)
EPS (in Rs.) 9.84
7.38 YoY | 3.61 QoQ
Half Year ending EPS: 13.45 Vs. 18.47

View: The result is in line with the expectation. Although YoY revenue increased but overall H1 performance down. PVR is in two segments namely Movie Exhibition – 93% and Movie Prod & distribution – 7%. YoY topline growth for Movie exhibition – 31% and Movie Prod – 309%. YoY bottom-line growth for Movie exhibition – 42% and Movie Prod – (91%)

Business Highlights & Updates:

Q2FY20 EBITDA is around INR 318 Cr Vs. 124 Cr in Q2FY19. H1FY20 EBITDA is around 609.6 Cr Vs. 271.5 in H1FY19. Q2FY20 EBITDA Margin is around 32.6% Vs. 18% in Q1FY19.
ROE and ROCE are around 11% and 19% respectively and book value per share is around INR 259 and share is currently trading at annualized PE of 7x of its book value. The company is currently trading at annualized PE of around 69 which is very expensive as per Industry benchmark. Promoter holding in the company is around 19.5% and it's down as compare to QoQ and also it's too low. Mutual fund and FIIs hold largest chunk which is around 10.5% and 42.8% in the company. Their concern area is increasing the debt in the previous two quarters and significantly paying finance cost and current quarter it was paid around 111 Cr Vs. 29.8 Cr in the corresponding previous quarter and H1FY20 total paid around 242 Cr Vs. 50.8 Cr in H1FY19. One of the key reasons for enhancing loans due to multiple and aggressive acquisitions by PVR in the past 1-2 years.

Share price high 1897 and now 1840 almost all-time high. PVR Ltd. is the largest and also the most premium film exhibition company in Asian countries. Since its origin in 1997, the brand has redefined the cinema industry and the way people watch movies in the country. The company noninheritable  Cinemax in 2012 and had taken DT Cinemas within the year 2016 serving a hundred million + patrons annually. Currently, PVR operates a cinema circuit of 800 Screens at one hundred seventy Properties in sixty-nine Cities (21 states & UTs).

PVR Ltd, the integrated ‘film and retail brand’ has PVR Cinemas as its major subsidiary. Its different 2 subsidiaries area unit PVR Leisure and PVR photos. PVR Pictures has been a prolific distributor of non-studio/ independent international films in India since 2002. With over 350+ Hollywood, 175+ Hindi, 75+ regional films across genres being released under this banner over more than a decade, PVR Pictures has the highest box office shares of independent foreign-language films in the country. The arm has been instrumental in recognizing the gap with regard to the demand and provide of discerning cinema and has systematically discharged around 30-40 films p.a.

PVR has the largest Cinema chain after multiple acquisitions in India and the most prominent and monopolistic brand in North India. Current youngster growth and also moviegoers in-country PVR should hold by long term investors with a target price of INR 2500.
To get more information free stock tips visit our website.

Today's Global Data Update


UK member of parliaments examines Northern Ireland Brexit consequences; 1345 IST.

UK Sep monthly unemployment figures; 1400 IST.

Bank of England Governor Mark Carney appears before the treasury committee to discuss the financial stability report; 1400 IST.

UK August mortgage lending trends statistics; 1400 IST.

UK September Scottish retail sales monitor; 1631 IST.

US retail Goldman Sachs weekly chain store sales index for the week ended Oct 12; 1715 IST.

US G-24 committee of the whole meeting; 1815 IST.

US Johnson Redbook retail sales index for the week ended Oct 12; 1825 IST.

US Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta President Raphael Bostic speaks at the purpose-built communities conference; 1830 IST.

Making sense of Brexit' discussion with BBC Radio 4 presenter Evan Davies; 2330 IST.

European Commission annual deadline for national budget plans.

UK Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis President James Bullard, Sveriges Riksbank Governor Stefan Ingves and Bank of England MPC Member Gertjan Vlieghe speak at MMF and Bloomberg policy conference.

The US increases tariffs on Chinese products.

More data available for stock tips.

Updated Stock Market News

*Economic Times*
*Business Standard*

Ø  Govt mulls raising Rs 1 lakh threshold for invoking IBC
Ø  YES Bank sells 6.56% stake in Fortis Healthcare
Ø  Digital technologies to create $1 in value by 2025: EY
Ø  Total, RIL may not bid for BPCL; BP wants to see offer
Ø  Adani Transmission acquires arm of REC Transmission
Ø  HUL Q2 net up 21% YoY to Rs 1,848 cr; to give Rs 11/sh as interim dividend
Ø  Moody's downgrades Indiabulls to B2 on a fundraising challenge, governance
Ø  RBI hikes cash withdrawal limit for PMC depositors to Rs 40,000
Ø  Indian pharma companies spread businesses to avoid regulatory ire
Ø  Assets worth Rs 3,830 cr seized, identified in PMC Bank case: ED

*Business Line*
*Mint*

Ø  Reliance to swap diesel for Venezuelan crude oil
Ø  Ratan Tata to invest in EV start-up Tork Motors
Ø  Consumer inflation inches up close to 4% in September on costlier food items
Ø  Granules India to exit from China jt venture
Ø  L&T puts two thermal power units into operation in MP, UP
Ø  Lenders approve JSW Energy’s resolution plan for Ind-Barath’s 700 MW power plant
Ø  Rural demand remains a concern for Wipro Consumer Care and Lighting
Ø  New resolution professional of Videocon seeks EoIs for 13 companies under IBC
Ø  BSE to suspend trading in Manpasand Beverages, Binani Industries, 14 others

*Financial Express*
*Deccan Chronicle*

Ø  Indian economy structurally, fundamentally strong: MoS Finance
Ø  India to see $118 billion investment in oil, gas sector in next few years, says Dharmendra Pradhan
Ø  WTO gives final approval to US retaliation in Airbus case
Ø  RBI imposes Rs 1 crore fine on Lakshmi Vilas Bank, Rs 75 lakh on Syndicate Bank for violating norms
Ø  Traders' body seeks govt audit into business models of Amazon, Flipkart
Ø  Rupee drops 21 paise to 3-week low on fading US-China deal optimism
Ø  Sensex pares gains, ends 87 points higher; Nifty closes at 11,330
Ø  SBI re-enters top-10 most valued firms list; replaces Bajaj Finance

For More information stock tips and free stock tips visit our blog.

Second-Quarter Performance...

HSBC Maintains ‘Hold’ with a target price unchanged at Rs 800 apiece. In-line with expectations on strong deal wins. Disappointing to see no meaningful upgrade on guidance. Banking and retail verticals show signs of deceleration. Current FY20 valuations remain rich.

UBS Remains ‘Neutral’ with target price unchanged at Rs 900 apiece. Earnings in line with expectations. Lack of revision in guidance caps share’s upside. Guidance suggests a softer exit growth rate for FY21.

Citi Maintains ‘Buy’ with the target price unchanged at Rs 900 apiece. Large deals strong and per expectations. BFSI vertical to be affected by seasonality; retail vertical to remain volatile. The company continued to deliver in a tough macro environment. The case for investment in Infosys stronger in relation to TCS.

Macquarie Maintains ‘Outperform’ with a target price of Rs 830 a share. The guidance below expectations. Ex-retail growth was robust and in line with expectations. Sees volatility in capital markets.

Investec Downgrades to ‘Sell’ from ‘Hold’ and cuts target price to Rs 730 from Rs 745. Weak organic revenue growth performance. Sustaining margin improvement on decelerating growth trajectory could be challenging. Any assumptions on Infosys being insulated from broader industry headwinds would be incorrect.

Kotak Securities Maintains ‘Add’ with a target price of Rs 840 apiece. Good quarter but with a softer outlook. Growth slackens in financial services and retail. The company continues to execute well on strategic priorities. Difficult to argue for further rerating of multiple. The demand environment continues to moderate.

Latest & Breaking News Reliance Jio (RJIO) Today


Reliance Jio (RJIO) today announced an unconventional price hike that
recovers interconnect usage charge (IUC) for off-net calls (calls to other networks) from subscribers in the form of additional recharge vouchers. Ceteris paribus, this works out to a price hike of about 14%. Still, we believe that additional charges for off-net calls would disincentivize users to call other operators, which would reduce off-net call volumes for RJIO. We assume additional charges to drive up revenue ~5%, which would translate into a ~10% increase in EBITDA. We consider the tax hike from the price-setter is positive for the telecom industry and will provide other operators leeway to hike prices proportionately. As highlighted in our Daylight again report, we anticipated a price hike by RJIO in H2FY20. But the approach the price hike has been taken is perplexing considering it may cause inconvenience and anxiety to subscribers. Other operators may follow the action, but by simply raising the tariff.

Sector outlook: Finally a tariff hike
RJIO has finally taken an unconventional a price hike with a caveat that it will stop charging off-net calls if TRAI reduces IUC charges to zero. We expect RJIO to take further tariff hikes for higher payouts towards InvIT—to fund incremental CAPEX for its FTTH business and bring down net debt. Significant funding to RJIO to grow market share remains the key risk to our thesis. At the current level, Bharti is trading at 4.6x FY21E EV/EBITDA; maintain ‘BUY/SO’ with a target price of INR414. The idea is trading at 7.4x FY21E EV/EBITDA; maintain ‘HOLD/SP’ with a target price of INR7.

How to Make Money Trading Options?

Make Money Trading Options

The good news is that there are many ways to make money trading options. The bad news is that most traders lose money trading options.

Let’s try to shift you out of that second category.
It is common knowledge that about 90 percent of all options traders
lose money. About 10 percent break even and 10 percent make money. I believe that the main reasons are psychological and a lack of capital leading to poor risk management decisions. Let’s look at these critical issues.

There are three keys to making money trading options.
They are:
1. The psychology of investing.
2. Controlling your risk.
3. Getting every edge in your favor.

You will not be a profitable option trader without a full understanding of these three factors even if you have a complete understanding of everything else in the book. I’m sure you can understand. But the three issues above are behavioral skills, not intellectual knowledge. As a result, they deal with your particular psychology or character. Character is much harder to control and/or change than the simple learning of a new skill. This chapter is critical to your success as a trader.

WHY DO YOU TRADE?
First, I asked them why they traded. They answered that they wanted to
make money. I asked them if they were sure. By this time they were
starting to second-guess their first answer. But, in the final analysis, they stuck with their answer that they were trading so that they could make money. I think that that is completely wrong. I think that people trade for tons of reasons and making money is a relatively minor one.
Nobody knows why each person trades but there are many reasons other than making money.

Back in the 1970s, I managed futures money with a partner. We offered two different accounts to our prospective clients. The first account traded only commodity spreads and was making 200 percent per year while the second account traded only outright positions and was making about 100 percent per year (please note that these returns were so high because I didn’t know as much as I do now about risk and money management and we were simply taking far too much risk).

What is fundamental analysis what is its main objective?

 fundamental analysis steps

Step-1: Politico-Economic Analysis
1. Politico-economic factors affect an industry and a country.
2.Stable political environment necessary for steady, balanced growth.
3.International events impact industries and companies.
4. Countries need foreign exchange reserves to meet its commitments, pay for imports and service foreign debts.
5. The possibility of the devaluation of one’s currency / the appreciation of another currency is a real risk. One can hedge this by entering into forwarding contracts.
6. Restrictive practices or cartels imposed by countries can affect companies and industries. Investors must determine how sensitive a company is to governmental policies and restrictive policies.
7. Foreign debt can be an enormous burden that would eat into a company’s results.
8. Inflation erodes purchasing power. Low inflation indicates stability and companies prosper at such times.
9. Low interest and taxation rates stimulate investment and industry.
10. Domestic savings can accelerate economic growth.
11. The development of a country is dependent on its infrastructure.
12. Budgetary deficits resulting from excessive governmental spending stimulate the economy. It also gives rise to increasing demand and increasing inflation.

Step-2: Economic Cycle
1. Business or economic cycle has a direct impact on the industry and individual companies. It affects investment decisions, employment, demand, and profitability.
2. Four stages of the economic cycle are depression, recovery, boom, and recession.
3. Investors should determine the stage of the economic cycle before investing. Investors should disinvest just before or during a boom.

Step-3: Industry Analysis
1. The importance of the industry can never be understated. The state of the industry will affect company performance.
2. It is important to determine the cycle. These are entrepreneurial or sunrise, expansion or growth, stabilization or maturity, and decline or sunset stages.
3. Investors should purchase in the first two stages and disinvest at the maturity stage.
4. It is better to invest in evergreen industries. The results of cyclical industries are volatile.
5. Investors should consider competition as the greater the competition the lower the profits.
6. It is safer to invest in industries not subject to government controls.
7. Export-oriented industries currently favored by the government.

Step-4:  Company Analysis
1. The final stage of fundamental analysis is company analysis.
2. Areas to be examined are the company, the results, ratios and cash flow.

What are the methods of stock valuation?

Stock valuationsInvestments
Many companies obtain investments in the form of shares or debentures to earn revenue or to utilize cash surpluses profitably. The normal investments a company has are:

1.Trade: Trade investments are shares or debentures of competitors that a company holds to have access to information on their growth, profitability and other details which may not, otherwise, be easily available.

2.Subsidiary and Associate Companies: These are shares held in subsidiary or associate companies. The large business houses hold a controlling interest in several companies through cross-holdings in subsidiary and associate companies.

3.Others: Companies also often hold shares or debentures of other companies for investment or to park surplus funds. The windfall profits made by many companies in the year to 31 March 2003 was on account of the large profits made by trading in shares.

Investments are also ranked as quoted and unquoted investments. Quoted properties are shares and debentures that are quoted in a recognized stock exchange and can be easily traded. Unquoted investments are not listed or quoted on a stock exchange. Consequently, they are not very liquid and are difficult to dispose of.
Investments are valued and stated in the balance sheet at either the acquisition cost or market value, whichever is lower, to be conservative and to ensure that losses are adequately accounted for.
Stock or Inventories

This area unit arguably the foremost vital current assets that an organization has because it is by the sale of its stocks that an organization makes its profits. Stocks, in turn, consist of:

1.Raw Materials: The primary purchase which is utilized to manufacture the products a company makes.
2.Work in Progress: Goods that are in the process of manufacture but are yet to be completed.
3.Finished Goods: The finished products manufactured by the company that is ready for sale.

Valuation of Stocks
Stocks are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable result. This is to confirm that there'll be no loss at the time of sale as that will are accounted for.
The common methods of valuing stocks are:

1.FIFO or First in First Out: It is assumed under this method that stocks that come in first would be sold first and those that come in last would be sold last.
2.LIFO or Last in Last Out: The premise on which this method is based is the opposite of FIFO. It is assumed that the stocks that arrive last will be sold first. The reasoning is that customers like newer materials or merchandise.

It is important to ascertain the method of valuation and the accounting principles involved as stock values can easily be manipulated by changing the method of valuation.

Trade Debtors
Most companies do not sell their products for cash but on credit and purchasers are expected to pay for the goods they have bought within an agreed period of time, 30 days or 60 days. The period of loan would vary from customer to customer and from company to company and depends on the creditworthiness of the customer, market conditions and competition.
Often buyers may not pay within the agreed credit period. This may flow from neglect in credit administration or the lack of shoppers to pay. Consequently, debts are classified as:

1.those over six months and others.
These are further subdivided into :
2.debts thought of sensible and debts thought of dangerous and uncertain.

What is the Intrinsic Value?

What is the intrinsic value of a share? How is it determined?
Fundamental analysis propounds that the intrinsic value is, and has to be, based on the benefits that accrue to investors in the share.  As they return to shareholders is in the form of dividends, under strict fundamental analysis, the present value of future dividends discounted based on its perceived safety or risk is its intrinsic value.    The intrinsic value is based on the dividend because that is what a shareholder or investor receives from a company, and not on the earnings per share of the company. This distinction is very important.

Calculation of Intrinsic value
How,    then,    does one calculate the intrinsic value of a    share?    Let us assume that one expects a return of 20% on an investment every year for 3 years. Let us also assume that the company would pay dividends of 20%,25% and 30% on its Rs.10 shares. The dividend received on a share would, therefore, be    Rs. 2.00 in the first year, Rs.     2.50 in the second, and. Rs 3.00 in the third. Let us also assume that the share can be sold at Rs 200 at the end of 3 years.

The intrinsic value of the share will be:
The logic is to discount the dividend received and anticipated to be received in future years and the expected price at a future date with the return or yield expected.    Since the price at that future date is also considered, the possibility of capital appreciation is considered and this is why this method of arriving at the intrinsic value is considered the most balanced and fair. If the market price of the share is below Rs.120.88 then the share is below its intrinsic value and therefore well worth purchasing. If, on the other hand, the market price is higher, it is a sell signal and the share should be sold.

The Stocks in news:


Lupin:
launches Mycophenolate Mofetil capsules USP.

Garden Silk Mills:
Withdrawal of invitation for bids and sale of financial assets/loan account of the company.

Wipro:
completes the acquisition of International TechneGroup Incorporated (ITI).

Care Ratings reaffirmed Long Term Bank facilities rating as CARE A; stable.

JSW Steel:
raised $400 million by allotment of fixed-rate senior unsecured notes.

Eveready Industries:
appoints Roshan L Joseph as an independent director of the company w.e.f. October 04, 2019.

Prakash Industries:
CARE Ratings reaffirmed the credit rating CARE BB (Double B) with a stable outlook for bank facilities of the company.

Ashok Leyland:
The company's plants at different locations will be recognizing non-working days ranging from 2-15 days, in October.